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Selection and assessment of safety equipment For the protection of persons, of the environment and of plants the risks of every system need to be assessed and appropriate safety systems installed. It is, in many cases, not possible to achieve a system which is safe in itself (inherent safety). Complementary safety measures are needed for a required minimum safety level. These can include systems acting purely mechanically such as e.g. pressure relief devices, but also safety instrument functions which lead to a safe state of the plant on demand. The methods for selecting and assessing these measures range from qualitative classification through risk graphs to semi-quantitative assessment in the Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) and fully quantitative methods (quantitative event tree). It is advisable for all these methods to consider the entire system first in a systematic risk analysis (e.g. HAZOP, check lists). For the process industry, the quality of a safety instrumented function shall be determined acc. to IEC 61511. This includes determination of the required SIL as well as verification of the required PFD- and HFT-values. Requirements of safety systems
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